英语词汇
词性缩写:n. 名词;v. 动词;adj. 形容词;adv. 副词;prep. 介词;conj. 连词。
一、核心词汇和词族
| 单词 | 词性 | 中文 | 常用搭配或说明 |
|---|---|---|---|
| bound | adj. | 必然的;一定的 | be bound to do sth 一定会做某事 |
| abound | v. | 大量存在;充满 | abound in/with sth 充满……;盛产…… |
| abundant | adj. | 丰富的;充裕的 | be abundant in sth 富含……;盛产…… |
| master | v./n. | v. 掌握;精通 n. 大师;主人 | master a language/skill 掌握语言/技能 |
| mastery | n. | 精通;掌握 | have a good mastery of sth 熟练掌握某事 |
| aboard | adv./prep. | 在船、飞机、火车上;上船/登机 | go aboard / welcome aboard 登上交通工具/欢迎登乘 |
| abroad | adv. | 在国外;到国外 | go/study abroad 出国/留学 |
| superior | adj. | 更好的;优越的 | be superior to sth 优于…… |
| inferior | adj. | 较差的;次等的 | be inferior to sth 次于…… |
| recover | v. | 恢复;康复 | recover from sth 从……中恢复 |
| absent | adj. | 缺席的;不在的 | be absent from sth 缺席…… |
| solution | n. | 解决方案;答案 | a solution to sth ……的解决方案 |
| resolve | v. | 解决;决心 | resolve to do sth 决心做某事 |
| resolution | n. | 决心;决议;解决 | make a resolution to do sth 下定决心做某事 |
| relax | v. | 放松;使放松 | relax (oneself) 放松自己(通常直接用 relax) |
| absorbed | adj. | 全神贯注的 | be absorbed in sth/doing sth 全神贯注于…… |
| regular | adj. | 有规律的;定期的 | regular exercise 有规律的锻炼 |
| patient | adj./n. | adj. 耐心的 n. 病人 | be patient with sb 对某人有耐心 |
| hesitate | v. | 犹豫;踌躇 | hesitate to do sth 犹豫做某事 |
| hesitation | n. | 犹豫;踌躇 | without hesitation 毫不犹豫地 |
| overcome | v. | 战胜;克服 | overcome difficulties/fear 克服困难/恐惧 |
| communicate | v. | 交流;沟通 | communicate with sb 与某人交流 |
| opportunity / chance | n. | 机会 | have/get an opportunity to do sth 有/获得做某事的机会 |
| conclusion | n. | 结论 | draw/come to a conclusion 得出结论 |
| flexible | adj. | 灵活的;可变通的 | a flexible schedule 灵活的时间安排 |
| convenient | adj. | 方便的;便捷的 | It is convenient for sb to do sth. 某人做某事很方便 |
| promote | v. | 促进;推销;晋升 | promote development/health 促进发展/健康 |
| physical | adj. | 身体的;物质的 | physical health/exercise 身体健康/体育锻炼 |
| cultivate | v. | 培养;发展;耕作 | cultivate a habit/ability 培养习惯/能力 |
| visit | v./n. | 参观;拜访;访问 | visit a place / pay a visit to 参观某地 |
| foreign | adj. | 外国的;异国的 | a foreign language 一门外语 |
| prepare | v. | 准备 | prepare for sth 为……做准备;prepare sth for sb 为某人准备某物 |
| enrich | v. | 丰富;充实 | enrich one’s life/knowledge 丰富某人的生活/知识 |
| repair | v./n. | 修理;修补 | repair a car 修理汽车 |
| record | v./n. | v. 记录 n. 记录;录音 | keep a record of sth 记录某事 |
| natural | adj. | 自然的;天然的 | natural resources 自然资源 |
| environment | n. | 环境 | protect the environment 保护环境 |
| social | adj. | 社会的;社交的 | social life/skills 社会生活/社交技能 |
| library | n. | 图书馆 | in the library 在图书馆 |
| member | n. | 成员;会员 | a member of sth ……的一员 |
| especially | adv. | 尤其;特别 | 用来突出某人或某事 |
| discuss | v. | 讨论 | discuss sth with sb 与某人讨论某事;不加 about |
| consider | v. | 考虑;认为 | consider doing sth 考虑做某事 |
| remind | v. | 提醒;使想起 | remind sb of sth 使某人想起某事;remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事 |
| remember | v. | 记得;记住 | remember to do 记得去做;remember doing 记得做过 |
| career | n. | 职业;事业 | choose/pursue a career 选择/追求事业 |
| education | n. | 教育 | receive an education 接受教育 |
| prefer | v. | 更喜欢;偏爱 | 见后文“偏好”句型 |
| invite | v. | 邀请 | invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事 |
| invitation | n. | 邀请;请柬 | an invitation to sth 参加……的邀请 |
| share | v./n. | v. 分享;合用 n. 份额;股份 | share sth with sb 与某人分享某物 |
| lively | adj. | 活泼的;生动的;热闹的 | a lively discussion 热烈的讨论 |
| fascinate | v. | 使入迷;深深吸引 | sth fascinates sb 某事深深吸引某人 |
| fascinating | adj. | 迷人的;极有吸引力的 | 修饰事物:a fascinating story |
| fascinated | adj. | 着迷的;被吸引的 | 修饰人:be fascinated by/with sth |
| practice | n./v. | 练习;实践 | practice doing sth 练习做某事(英式英语动词常写 practise) |
| personality | n. | 性格;个性 | a cheerful personality 开朗的性格 |
| behavior | n. | 行为;举止 | 英式拼写为 behaviour |
| position | n. | 位置;职位;立场 | apply for a position 申请一个职位 |
| confident | adj. | 自信的;有信心的 | be confident about/of sth 对某事有信心 |
| confidence | n. | 信心;自信 | have confidence in sth 对……有信心 |
| ambitious | adj. | 有抱负的;雄心勃勃的 | be ambitious to do sth 有雄心做某事 |
| express | v. | 表达;表示 | express one’s opinion/thanks 表达观点/谢意 |
| opinion | n. | 意见;看法 | in one’s opinion 在某人看来 |
| object | n./v. | n. 物体;目标 v. 反对 | object to sth/doing sth 反对某事/做某事 |
| strength | n. | 力量;优点;长处 | strengths and weaknesses 优点和缺点 |
| cherish | v. | 珍爱;珍惜 | cherish friendship/time 珍惜友谊/时间 |
| spirit | n. | 精神;心灵;勇气 | team spirit 团队精神 |
| attract | v. | 吸引 | attract one’s attention 吸引某人的注意 |
| attraction | n. | 吸引力;景点 | a top/tourist attraction 顶级/著名旅游景点 |
| beyond | prep./adv. | 超出;在……那边 | beyond one’s ability 超出某人的能力 |
| population | n. | 人口;族群 | have a population of… 有……人口;人口多用 large,少用 small |
| daily | adj./adv./n. | 每日的;每日;日报 | daily life 日常生活 |
| approve | v. | 赞成;批准 | approve of sth/doing sth 赞成……;approve sth 批准某事 |
| reliable | adj. | 可靠的;可信赖的 | a reliable person/source 可靠的人/来源 |
| achievement | n. | 成就;成绩 | a sense of achievement 成就感 |
二、必背固定搭配
| 搭配 | 中文及用法 |
|---|---|
| above all | 最重要的是;尤其是 |
| have a good command/mastery of sth | 精通/熟练掌握某事 |
| have a talent for sth/doing sth | 在某方面有天赋(不完全等同于“精通”) |
| be good at sth/doing sth | 擅长某事/做某事 |
| provide sth for sb | 为某人提供某物 |
| provide sb with sth | 向某人提供某物 |
| in order to do sth | 为了做某事;否定式为 in order not to do |
| take advantage of sth | 利用某物;也可表示“占……便宜” |
| make (full/good) use of sth | (充分/好好)利用某物 |
| put/place a high(er) value on sth | (更加)重视某事 |
| emphasize/stress sth | 强调某事 |
| pay attention to sth/doing sth | 注意/重视某事/做某事 |
| mind doing sth | 介意做某事;Would you mind doing…? 你介意做……吗? |
| make a big difference (to sth) | (对……)产生很大影响;意义重大 |
| attend sth | 参加会议/婚礼/课程;一般不加介词 |
| join sb / join an organization | 和某人一起;加入组织 |
| join in sth/doing sth | 参加活动 |
| take part in / participate in sth | 参加活动;participate in 较正式 |
| play a role/part in sth/doing sth | 在……中起作用 |
| play an important/key role in sth | 在……中起重要/关键作用 |
| get along (well) with sb | 与某人相处(融洽) |
| rely on sb/sth | 依靠;依赖;信赖 |
| take over | 接管;接任;占上风 |
| be worth doing | 值得做;doing 用主动形式表示被动含义 |
| stop/prevent sb from doing sth | 阻止某人做某事 |
| be late for sth | ……迟到 |
| fail to do sth | 未能做某事 |
| stick to sth/doing sth | 坚持某事/做某事 |
| think highly of sb/sth | 高度评价/赞赏某人或某事 |
| have a strong desire to do sth | 有做某事的强烈愿望 |
| desire to do sth | 渴望做某事 |
| succeed in doing sth | 成功做某事 |
| a way to do sth / a way of doing sth | 做某事的方法 |
| turn to sb for help | 向某人求助 |
| have experience in sth/doing sth | 在某事/做某事方面有经验 |
| insist on sth/doing sth | 坚持某事/做某事 |
| persist in sth/doing sth | 坚持某事/做某事,强调持续不放弃 |
| try/do one’s best to do sth | 尽某人最大努力做某事 |
| make friends with sb | 与某人交朋友;friends 通常用复数 |
| in return (for sth) | 作为(对……的)回报 |
| in trouble | 处于困境中;有麻烦 |
| have a good view of sth | 能清楚看到某物;视野好 |
| get a better view of sth | 更清楚地观看/欣赏某物 |
| be troubled by sth | 受……困扰 |
| adapt to sth/doing sth | 适应某事/做某事;to 是介词 |
| spare time to do sth | 抽出时间做某事 |
| in one’s spare time | 在某人的业余时间 |
| give sb a hand | 帮某人一把 |
| a sense of + n. | 一种……感,如 a sense of responsibility/achievement 责任感/成就感 |
三、重点语法句型
1. 就近原则
- neither A nor B:既不 A,也不 B。
- either A or B:要么 A,要么 B。
- 谓语动词通常与离它最近的主语 B 保持一致。
- 例:Neither Tom nor his parents are at home. 汤姆和他的父母都不在家。
- 例:Either his parents or Tom is responsible for it. 要么他的父母,要么汤姆要对此负责。
2. 形式主语
It is + adj. + for/of sb + to do sth.
for sb:形容词说明“事情”的性质,如important, necessary, difficult, convenient。- 例:It is important for us to exercise regularly. 对我们来说,有规律地锻炼很重要。
of sb:形容词评价“人”的品质,如kind, clever, careless, polite。- 例:It is kind of you to help me. 你能帮我真是太好了。
3. 形式宾语
主语 + 谓语 + it + adj./n. + to do sth
- 常见谓语:
make, consider, find, think, believe, feel。 - 例:I find it difficult to master English. 我发现掌握英语很难。
- 例:Regular exercise makes it possible for us to stay healthy. 有规律的锻炼使我们有可能保持健康。
4. used to 系列
| 结构 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| used to do sth | 过去常常做某事,现在不一定做 | I used to get up late. |
| be/get used to sth/doing sth | 习惯于某事/做某事 | I am used to getting up early. |
| be accustomed to sth/doing sth | 习惯于……,较正式 | She is accustomed to living alone. |
| be used to do sth | 被用来做某事 | Wood is used to make paper. |
5. 偏好与选择
- prefer to do sth:更喜欢做某事。
- prefer A to B:比起 B 更喜欢 A。
- prefer doing A to doing B:比起做 B 更喜欢做 A。
- prefer to do A rather than do B:宁愿做 A 而不愿做 B。
- would rather do A than do B:宁愿做 A 也不愿做 B。
6. be of + 抽象名词
be of + n. = be + adj.
- It is of great significance. = It is very significant. 这非常重要/很有意义。
- The advice is of great value. = The advice is very valuable. 这条建议很有价值。
- 常见名词:
importance, significance, value, help, use。
四、写作常用表达
| 表达 | 中文 |
|---|---|
| when it comes to + n./doing | 当谈到……时 |
| what is more / what’s more | 而且;更重要的是 |
| above all | 最重要的是 |
| draw a conclusion | 得出结论 |
| make a big difference | 意义重大;产生很大影响 |
| play an important role in… | 在……中起重要作用 |
| take full advantage of… | 充分利用…… |
| put a high value on… | 高度重视…… |
| have a strong desire to do… | 有做……的强烈愿望 |
| turn to sb for help | 向某人求助 |
| give sb a hand | 帮某人一把 |
| a sense of achievement | 成就感 |
五、规范例句
- We’re bound to meet difficulties in the process. 我们在这个过程中一定会遇到困难。
- The forest abounds in wild animals. 这片森林里有大量野生动物。
- This area is abundant in natural resources. 这个地区自然资源丰富。
- She has a good mastery of oral English. 她熟练掌握英语口语。
- He made a resolution to quit smoking. 他下定决心戒烟。
- Even small things can make a big difference. 即使是小事也能产生很大的影响。
六、易错点速记
aboard= 上船/登机;abroad= 在国外;原笔记中的aborad是拼写错误。superior/inferior后用to,不用than。solution后用to:a solution to the problem。discuss sth中间不加about。adapt to、stick to、object to、pay attention to中的to是介词,后接名词或动名词。mind、consider、practice、succeed in后接doing。be worth doing用主动形式表示被动:The book is worth reading.- 是
make friends with sb,不是make friend with sb。 fascinating通常描述事物;fascinated通常描述人的感受。put a high value on更准确的含义是“高度重视”,而emphasize是“强调”。
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